Pauls Case Essay examples -- essays research papers

Hello to all of you, my name is Paul. It seems that much has been said of me and I, for one would like for you to know the true story, as I see it. There is nothing more beautiful than music, that is a fact that has helped me throughout all of my life. â€Å"The first sigh of the instruments† can feel to me like a thousand wonderful days all wrapped into that one moment. There are not many who understand the pull of the stage and of the arts to a person like me, not my teachers, and certainly not my father. There was a man, though, who seemed to understand my plight. His name is Charley Edwards, an actor at Carnagie Hall, whom I have seen perform many times, and who I consider to be a close, personal friend. But even he could not grasp the luck of life which he had. In order for you to understand a little more about the truths of the arts, let me tell you what makes me love them so. Growing up among the â€Å"ugliness and commonness† of Cordelia Street was very difficult for me, not only because of my father and the loathing I had for him, but because of the â€Å"flavorless, colorless mass of everday living† there. I never belonged there. I dreamed of the day when I could sit for hours upon hours and just listen to the orchestras, wearing purple and looking at flowers. You see these beautiful things that belonged in my life were totally absent as long as I was anywhere near Cordelia Street in Pittsburgh. Have I told you yet about the beauty of red carnations? No, I guess I haven’t. I wo...

Aggressive Driving Should Be Avoided

The main thesis statement of my speech is on why cell phone use should be prohibited by driving. The primary objective here is to persuade you not to engage in cell phone conversations when behind the wheel, based on the premises that I will present before you. The methodology of this study is compilation of established facts from published internet resources and newspaper or magazine articles.While cellular phones have been considered rare luxuries a decade ago, today it is already a commonplace possession for many individuals. The advances in wireless technology coupled with high public demand have made cell phones affordable and accessible to many.A 2004 MIT survey even revealed that the â€Å"cell phone is the invention that people hate the most but can’t live without, beating out the alarm clock and television. Furthermore, in a 2005 University of Michigan study, 83 percent of respondents said cell phones have made life easier, choosing it over the internet (Leo pars. 1- 2).†The Nationwide Mutual Insurance Co. released a January 2007 estimate that out of the 231 million Americans who owned cellular phones, an astonishing 73 percent of 1, 200 drivers with cell phones used them while driving. Moreover, the use of cell phones while driving was highest among young drivers (Insurance Information Institute, Inc. par. 3).Another study made by the Insurance Institute claimed that those who used cell phones while driving were four times more likely to get into crashes serious enough to cause injury. This was backed up by the Virginia Tech Transportation Institute who put distraction as the second most frequent cause of accidents next to fatigue (Leo par. 5).Studies about cell-phone use while driving have focused on several different aspects of the problem. Some have looked at its prevalence as the leading cause of driver distraction. Others have looked at the different risks associated with hand-held and hands-free devices. Still others have focused on the seriousness of injuries in crashes involving cell-phone users and the demographics of drivers who use cell phones.I fully support public safety advocates who are one in saying that while no data directly correlates road accidents to cell phone use, cellular phones are a major distraction while driving. And the longer you are distracted, the higher the chance of a collision.Let me point out some principal findings in a study which are relevant in convincing you that using cell phones can impair driving. Did you know that those who engage in cell phone conversations while driving: ·missed twice as many simulated traffic signals as when they were not talking on the phone; · took longer to react to those signals that they did detect; and ·that these deficits were the same for those who used hand-held and hands-free phone users (Strayer et. al. par. 9).The findings that motorists who use cell phones while driving are four times as likely to get into crashes serious enough to i njure themselves, are also backed up by another study of drivers in Perth, Australia, conducted by the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety.â€Å"The results, published in July 2005, suggest that banning hand-held phone use won't necessarily improve safety if drivers simply switch to hand-free phones. The study found that injury crash risk didn't vary with type of phone (Insurance Information Institute, Inc. par. 9).†Abovementioned data were concluded from findings in an in-depth study of driver safety and cell phone usage which summarized that â€Å"conversing on either a hand-held or hands-free cell phone led to significant decrements in simulated driving performance. Moreover, the study suggests that the cellular phone use disrupts performance by diverting attention to an engaging cognitive context other than the one immediately associated with driving (Strayer et.al. pars. 10-11).†In effect, this data contradicts the laws that permit only hands-free cell phone co nversations while driving because their data suggests that it is not the phone conversation itself that is the interference but rather the central attentional processes.Although inattentive driving may include talking to a passenger, eating or reaching for something, supporters of restrictions on driving while using a cell phone say that the distractions associated with cell phone use while driving are far greater than other distractions. Conversations using a cell phone demand greater continuous concentration, which diverts the driver’s eyes from the road and his mind from driving.Most epidemiological studies to date have found indications of a link between cell phone use and auto accidents, but there is few research devoted to establishing a causal connection between the two.Despite this deficiency, there is much to be concerned about regarding this issue following the release of an April 2006 study claiming that some form of driver inattention within three seconds of the c rash attributes to 80 per of crashes and 65 percent of near-crashes.This is supported by the 100-Car Naturalistic Driving Study, conducted by the Virginia Tech Transportation Institute and the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), which revealed that the most common distraction is the use of cell phones, followed by drowsiness.  There are two dangers posed by conversing on cell phones while driving: first is that drivers would take their eyes off the road while dialing and second, the possibility of being absorbed in the conversation may impair the driving ability of the individual and increase the likelihood of endangering the vehicle occupants as well as pedestrians.â€Å"The latest research shows that while using a cell phone when driving may not be the most dangerous distraction, because it is so prevalent it is by far the most common cause of this type of crash and near crash (Insurance Information Institute par. 2).†A summer 2006 research spearheaded by the University of Utah even concludes that talking on a cell phone while driving is as dangerous as drunk driving, even if the phone is a hands-free model.An even earlier study by the university found that â€Å"motorists who talked on hands-free cell phones were 18 percent slower in braking and took 17 percent longer to regain the speed they lost when they braked. Also, drivers using hand-free phones had to redial calls 40 percent of the time, compared with 18 percent for drivers using hand-held sets, suggesting that hands-free sets may provide drivers with a false sense of ease (Insurance Information Institute, Inc. pars. 10-11).†

The Purposes of Punishment - 1402 Words

The purposes of punishment. What are the purposes of punishment? Which do you consider to be the most important and why? Student: *********** Student number: ******* Tutor name: ************* Hand-in date: 21st of November 2011 To begin with, it is necessary to say that punishment is an integral part of modern countries’ legal systems, because countries have a duty to protect society from wrongdoers and authorities could reach success in it by punishing offenders. Oxford English Dictionary defines punishment as the infliction or imposition of a penalty as retribution for an offence. There are four main purposes of punishment – incapacitation, deterrence, retribution and rehabilitation – and the aim of this paper is to†¦show more content†¦Deterrence is a further purpose that needs to be highlighted. The aim of punishment is also to warn people from crime committing under the fear of being punished and it might be reached through the well-developed criminal justice system, one of the main aim of which is to ensure that every wrongdoer will be punished for the criminal acts. There are two kinds of deterrence. They are general and specific deterrence. Ferris defines specific deter rence as deterrence which attempts to persuade the individual before the court not to commit further offences, while general deterrence is defined as the process of persuading others who might be inclined to offend not to do so. Deterrence has its own pros and cons as well. One of the main deterrence benefits is that it may reduce crime rate significantly and sharply. For instance, there is a three strikes policy in most states of USA, which means that if an individual has already been in jail two times and if this person commits a third crime, she would be automatically sentenced for 25 years regardless of crime seriousness. On the other hand, the main drawback is that criminals usually think that they will not be caught, so they continue committing crimes. Retribution, as the next aim of punishment, is associated with the idea that the wrongdoers have to be penalized and punished for violation against the civilians. Retribution could be viewed from two aspects: revenge and restoration. According to Oxford EnglishShow MoreRelatedPurpose and History of Punishment785 Words   |  4 PagesPurpose and History of Punishment The American society of punishment has been heavily based on British law, which has in turn grown from Western capital punishment and personal retribution. In the seventh century A.D. leaders in government have begun to realize that crimes harmed society. The government started becoming more involved in controlling crimes and punishment for the crimes being committed. To protect the citizens the leaders of the governing body assembled a set of laws that were passedRead MorePurpose Of Corporal Punishment1151 Words   |  5 PagesCorporal Punishment is the intentional act of disciplining by inflicting physical pain as retribution for an offense or wrongdoing. The purpose of corporal punishment is to prevent the offense or wrongdoing from happening again by instilling or associating fear with these undesired acts. Corporal punishment may be divided into three main types: parental or domestic corporal punishment, school corporal punishment and judicial corporal punishment which closel y related to prison corporal punishment. QuiteRead MoreThe Purpose of Punishment in a Modern Society Essay2234 Words   |  9 PagesPunishment has been in existence since the early colonial period and has continued throughout history as a method used to deter criminals from committing criminal acts. Philosophers believe that punishment is a necessity in today’s modern society as it is a worldwide response to crime and violence. Friedrich Nietzche’s book â€Å"Punishment and Rehabilitation† reiterates that â€Å"punishment makes us into who we are; it creates in us a sense of responsibility and the ability to take and release our socialRead MoreDiscuss Factors That Affect Sentencing Decisions, Including the Purposes of Punishment and the Role of Victims.783 Words   |  4 Pagesthat set precedent for all judges and magistrates in the state. Within this legislation are the purposes for which a sentence may be imposed, types of penalties, minimum/maximum senten ces and mandatory sentences. The purposes of sentencing are set out in the Crimes (Sentencing Procedures) Act 1999 (NSW) and fundamentally include deterrence, retribution, rehabilitation and incapacitation as the purposes by which a judge may impose a sentence. Deterrence intends to discourage specifically offendersRead MoreSection 3a Of The Crimes ( Sentencing Procedure ) Act 19991572 Words   |  7 Pagesofficial purposes of sentencing: http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/cpa1999278/s3a.html These ‘purposes’ are often said to be in conflict. Analyse these stated purposes in light of the broader philosophies of punishment in order to explain the tensions that are inherent in the business of punishing. Your essay should present an informed argument on which purposes and/or alternative understandings of justice should take precedence over others and why. The purposes of punishment in NSWRead MoreThe Retributive And Utilitarian Theory Of Punishment1478 Words   |  6 Pages Punishment is any kind of negative penalty inflicted on the wrong doer to prevent him from doing wrong in the future. Though there is no specific definition for punishment, it implies all those acts that are required to teach the wrong doer a lesson. Taking a negative step towards the offender. Since the evolution of time, there have been many sociologists who have given their theories on punishment and how the offender should be punished. The theories vary in terms of approach takenRead MoreHistory and Purposes of Prisons884 Words   |  4 PagesHistory and Purpose of Penitentiaries Jeffrey Brown CJA234 July 7,2012 George Chavarria History and Purpose of Penitentiaries Crime has had an impact on society for years, and will continue to do so well into the future. The presence of criminals and criminal acts proved that there was and all ways will be a need for penitentiaries. Correctional facilities no matter if they are prisons, jails, or penitentiaries are all part of the criminal justice system. Their overall goal and objectiveRead MoreThe On The Juvenile Justice System Essay1236 Words   |  5 Pagesjustifiable concern, the proposed changes to the purposes clause would go against the primary purpose of the juvenile justice system, rehabilitation and treatment as opposed to punishment. During the 19th century, the American legal system tended to treat juveniles who violated the criminal law much as it did adult offenders. Consequently, if courts found children criminally responsible, they would then impose the same sentences, e.g. capital punishment, and committed these youths to the same penalRead MoreCorporal Punishment and the Effects of It s Usage757 Words   |  3 PagesCorporal Punishment and the effects of its usage Corporal punishment is the ability to make physical contact as a form of punishment for reprimanding ones behavior. Corporal punishment versus positive reinforcement while they both serve their purpose corporal punishment is known to be more effective. The most common form of disciplining has always been either a spanking, corporal punishment has been dated all the way back to biblical times. Now the corporal punishment that occurred during biblicalRead MoreSocial Punishment And Its Impact On Society Essay1628 Words   |  7 PagesThroughout time, the use of punishment has changed drastically. Not only has the actual infliction of punishment changed, the reasoning behind this punishment has also changed. There have been numerous scholars, educators, and researchers that have presented various theories on the reasoning behind societal punishment. Some of these theories are closely similar, however some are drastically different. It is important to note that these theorists have broa d perceptions that can be rooted back to specific

An Expliciation of Prospective Immigrants Please Note.

Prospective Immigrants Please Note Adrienne Rich Either you will go through this door or you will not go through. If you go through there is always the risk of remembering your name. Things look at you doubly and you must look back and let them happen. If you do not go through it is possible to live worthily to maintain your attitudes to hold your position to die bravely but much will blind you, much will evade you, at what cost who knows? The door itself makes no promises. It is only a door. Prospective Immigrants Please Note, a poem by Adrienne Rich, helps one to ponder on the dual perspective, with the mother culture and the American ideals. Rich s essential goal is for one to remember their families and†¦show more content†¦Many, families stayed in Europe because of this, and often only part of the family would come over. This strikes me as another of her poems heavily influenced by the Holocaust - people stayed behind so they wouldn t cease to exist as Jews, and were annihilated. But much will blind you, much will evade you, at what cost who knows? The Metaphor of a door is intensely powerful; and the idea of doors I haven t opened, brushed past on my way to somewhere else haunts me, always. I don t know that what I say here is meaningful or insightful, or anything spectacular in any way, but I do know this poem has been one that so resonates with me that it seems a crime to not say something... and I don not want to brush past that door. I have read this poem a number of times and I believe this poem is about immigrants and how they have a choice to leave their country or not. I believe The door makes no promises means nobody is going to promise you that you are going to have a wonderful, joyous life in the new country, and it is only a door, to go through or not to go through. Re-examining the title, Prospective Immigrants Please Note it become clear that the poem addresses immigrants to wisely assess the decision of going into another country or staying where their at. The poet is talking to her Jewish community telling them if you leave your country,

A Case Study Involving The Telecommunications Industry

Derek Hees American Military University ECON600 (Managerial Economics) 8/02/2015 Abstract Each firm that sells a product or service belongs to a certain market structure. In this paper I will analyze four of the main market structures that are involved in the world economy. Each market structure is unique to the type of product, the barriers for entering the market, and the pricing strategy. The final portion of this paper is a case study involving the telecommunications industry. Perfect Competition Perfect competition is the concept that for a given product or service, there are multiple providers that provide a similar product or service. No one company can truly control the market because there are multiple competitors creating the same product for the same price (Samuelson Marks, 2012). Price cannot be determined by a single company, the overall supply and demand for a product determines the price. In perfect competition perfectly elastic demand exists across competitors. This means that a firm cannot decide to raise prices indiscriminately because their customers will abandon them for their competitors. This also means that every competing firm in the market is a price taker. A price taker has such a small role in the supply and demand of a product that they must accept the price determined by the market. The competitors must sell the product for relatively the same price. Inversely the consumer must accept the price of the product becauseShow MoreRelatedThe Legal Treatment Of Interns1179 Words   |  5 Pageswe consume every day, specifically in the area of Telecommunications. With this growth, it is critical to train software professionals and ensure they masters the understanding, handling and servicing of these complicated systems (Santos Soares, 2013, p. 1055). Internships, if designed correctly, could be the perfect tool to accomplish this. Not only will higher level students acquire the knowledge needed to be efficient in the Telecommunication workforce, companies will also have the opportunityRead MoreThe Impact of Theft of Intellectual Property Essay780 Words   |  4 Pagesgovernment has classified to provide technological edge to protect the nation and are not supposed to be shared as it could compromise national security. †¢ Bypass expensive research and development (FBI, 2011) – by obtaining data improperly from research studies funded by US, the adversaries can save a lot of time and money using the stolen information to manufacture new products. This can directly hurt the investments of US universities and businesses that earn revenue from patents and latest technologiesRead MoreWireless Technology : Wireless Technologies1666 Words   |  7 Pagesholding it back. According to the International Energy Agency, the United States is looking to become the world’s top producer of oil by 2017, a net exporter of the fuel by 2030 and possibly self-sufficient by 2035.[2] This shows how big the oil industry has become and how much more it could grow. Over the past several years the United States has seen in explosion of exploration and new drilling operations being started in remote and geographically challenging areas where communication options areRead MoreAdams Capital Management Case Study Essay653 Words   |  3 PagesCase Study: Adams Capital Management 1. Adams espouses a â€Å"market first† analysis of opportunity by looking for discontinuities. Is this substantive or window-dressing? Do the four types of discontinuities represent applicable guidelines? Are they comprehensive, or are there other discontinuity templates that a venture investor would find useful? 2. Analyze Structured Navigation. Is this a valid measurement of progress in early stage investing? Could such a program ever be a hindranceRead MoreMarconi Plc Essay1358 Words   |  6 PagesMarconi PLC The case deals with two major transformational organisational changes that take place within a span of 5 years in Marconi PLC. The first change process was under the leadership of Lord Simpson who took over this large diversified conglomerate in 1996 when the company was in a mature phase, already in decline. The company was under performing, had a rigid structure, lacked a clear vision and the employees had become change averse and complacent. To recharge the company Lord Simpson leadRead MoreNtc Historical Background2237 Words   |  9 PagesDefence. Pursuant to Executive Order No. 94, series of 1947, the Department of Commerce and Industry was created. The Radio Control Division was again transferred from the Department of National Defense to the Department of Commerce and Industry. The reason for the transfer was that in time of peace, the function of radio regulations was a vital factor in the promotion of commerce and industry and in the economic development of the country. On January 1, 1951, by virtue of the provisionsRead MoreInfluence of Medical Marijuana on Employment in California Essay1312 Words   |  6 Pageswork places. This follows the move by several states to legalize marijuana for medical reasons. As a result, many employers are caught in the quagmire of what they need to do with employees who use drugs such as medical marijuana while at work. A study conducted in 2007 by the Americans for Safe Access revealed that there were about three hundred thousand Americans using marijuana for medical purposes (Schubert 218). In the United States, more than ten states have legalized the use of marijuanaRead MoreSBI Sms unhappy case study Essay941 Words   |  4 PagesSBI CASE STUDY: â€Å"SMS Unhappy† Markets are ever evolving and keep getting competitive day by day, and the BFSI sector is no exception. With SBI being the current market leader, the challenges are more profound for them to retain their foothold. The entry of private players like ICICI, HDFC, and UTI added to the existing challenges faced by SBI. Private players have increased competition by offering attractive schemes and convenience, in sync with customers’ demand. With a boom in the IT andRead MorePornography Essay1353 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Never before in history of telecommunications media in the United States has so much indecent (and obscene material been so easily accessible by so many minors in so many American homes with so few restrictions† (qtd in â€Å"Pornography and Child Sexual Abuse†). The problem addressed in the quote by the U.S. Department of Justice is pornography, a 10 billion dollar industry, has made its way from discreet taboo to something that is today considered acceptable and even common. With the internet beingRead MoreAre Electronics Dangerous or Cancerous?1232 Words   |  5 Pagestraffic accidents, and security purpose. On July 14, 2007, a 45 year old Australian man named John Patterson drove a tank through the streets of Sydney, destroying six cell-phone towers and an electrical substation along the way. Patterson, a telecommunications worker, reportedly had located all of the locations of the towers, which he claimed were harming his health. Protesters in England and Northern Ireland have destroyed cell towers by sawing, removing bolts, and pulling with tow trucks and ropes

Spontaneous Recovery Reflections of a Smoker Free Essays

Definition: Spontaneous Recovery is the tendency of a learned behavior to recover from the extinction after a rest period. (Schacter, Gilbert, Wegner 2009). In order to better understand this definition I had to do more reading on the basic principles of learning and behaviorism. We will write a custom essay sample on Spontaneous Recovery: Reflections of a Smoker or any similar topic only for you Order Now The definition for learning is some experience that results in a relatively permanent change in the state in the learner. (Schacter, Gilbert, Wegner 2009) In order for one to have a spontaneous recovery you must first have learned the habit, such as smoking. Next is the habitation, which is a general process in which repeated or prolonged exposure to a stimulus results in a gradual reduction in responding (Schacter, Gilbert, Wegner 2009) This would be the learned smokers getting use to the taste of nicotine, the smell of the smoke and ultimately the mood or mental state associated with the effects of the cigarette. I have been a smoker since I was about fourteen years old. At first I began smoking due to peer pressure. I was not truly addicted till the year 2003 when everyone I worked with would gather and smoke after out shift to relax and reflect on our night. In 2008 I quit smoking with the use of the medication called Chantix with complete success. Unfortunately, I picked it up again when I had a roommate move who smoked. Now even though I hadn’t smoked in over a year the craving came back, which was the spontaneous recovery. I hadn’t smoked In over a year and found myself under stress and quickly went back to the habit (habituation) of smoking again and have been doing so for the last year. Now, I find myself with another prescription for Chantix but I know that unless I control my urges after I quit. I will forever have the learned behaviorism of a smoker and must always remember that spontaneous recovery will be right around the corner if I allow myself to fall back into the habit of smoking. How to cite Spontaneous Recovery: Reflections of a Smoker, Essay examples

Primark free essay sample

One way of considering the impact of businesses upon society is to view all of the groups affected by the behavior of a business as stakeholders. The stakeholders in a business are likely to include customers, employees, shareholders, suppliers, government, and local communities. Businesses have tended to be influenced mainly by customers, employees and shareholders. Increasingly, however, other groups are affecting business behavior. For example, some businesses will only supply their products to other businesses that have an ethical or environmental policy. It is suggested that businesses need to have a greater social responsibility to groups beyond those immediately involved in the business. The way in which businesses respond to issues such as health risks from pollution may depend on their ethics. Ethics are the values and beliefs which influence how individuals, groups and societies behave. The ethical behavior of businesses is , to some extent, controlled by laws and regulation. It is possible that a business following an ethical policy may: -attract customers and employees who agree with its policy; have to change its operations to fit in with this policy, for example approving certain suppliers; -have to set a policy for all the business in areas such as recruitment and marketing. Also in 1984, the first multiple acquisition took place with the purchase in Ireland of five Woolworth stores. From 1984 to 1994 a further 13 stores were added in the UK and 12 in Ireland, bringing the total to 66 stores – 32 in the UK and 34 in Ireland. A major flagship store was purchased in 1992 – a 50,000 sq. ft. unit in O’Connell Street, Dublin, as BHS exited Ireland. In 2011, Primark further expanded with store openings in the UK, Spain, The Netherlands, Portugal, and Germany. New stores include Edinburgh and Stratford City (UK); La Coruà ±a and Malaga (Spain); Zaandam (The Netherlands); Braga and Portimao (Portugal) and Dortmund, Essen, Hannover and Saarbrucken(Germany). COMPANY BACKGROUND According to Primark Handbook, (2006/2007), Primark is clothing retailer, which was founded by Arthur Ryan in Dublin, Republic of Ireland in June 1969, today Paul marchant is the CEO of Primark. Primark operates as Pennys in Ireland and it currently has 38 stores in the Republic of Ireland. Additional success in Ireland dictated the move to the United Kingdom; in 1971 it opened a big store in Belfast City Centre followed by four stores which were opened in Derby and Bristol. Today Primark has 223 stores operating in Ireland, UK, Spain, Germany, Portugal, Netherlands and Belgium. Primark SWOT analysis Strengths †¢ The company has over 161 stores. †¢ Primark offers job opportunities and employs over 27,000 people. †¢ It offers high street quality clothes for cheap prices and quality services to attract its customers. †¢ The company is part of the ETI (Ethical Trading Initiative) which focuses on worker’s rights, their production of goods and bringing businesses together to work on labour rights issues. Weaknesses †¢ Although Primark is a member of the ETI (Ethical Trading Initiative) there have been numerous negative reports concerning its business operations in the way they produce their goods. A study was shown to have found Primark used child labour to produce their goods. †¢ Other issues were with poor  working conditions and disvaluing workers rights. †¢ Primark does not advertise and this gives their competitors the advantage over them. Opportunities †¢ With its already expanding ventures such as opening 47 new stores in the UK, Primark has now opened 7 new stores in Spain to battle along its competition like Zara. Threats †¢ Primark’s threats are the competition with other companies such as Zara and HM. †¢ Problems in the area of advertising as they do not have any advertising whilst their competitors do. MARKET ANALYSIS Competitor Analysis Like any other business, Primark is also facing tough competition from George at ASDA, Tesco, Marks Spencer, TK Max, Costco, Next, Zara, New Look, Peacock and Matalan. Analysis for each major competitor determines that Primark has better business strength and high market share. It has good financial strengths and high profitability but relatively poor quality of management and low standards of technology position. In relation to competition, several external forces and environmental changes are faced by Primark that need to be considered to formulate its marketing strategy. Currently, Primark is facing high competition with quality competitors like Peacock, Matalan etc. They are offering cheap products as well and growing at tremendous speed, threatening position of Primark. Most of Primark customers are switching to rivals because of their quality products and good marketing strategies which Primark lacks. Marks and Spencer, the biggest rival of Primark has very extensive marketing strategies with strong brand portfolio. They do advertisement on almost every media available; while Primark do not use even single media for advertisement On other hand Primark is not spending much on marketing, advertisement or promotional activities which is a big setback in their management. From competitors analysis it is clear that even though there are potential threats and certain weaknesses for Primark, but strengths and opportunities can outperform weaknesses and threats. Competitive rivalry can be effectively overcome through deployment of cross-selling, pricing and co-branding and marketing strategies. Brand Strategy Brand portfolio usually refers to companys set of brands and/or products. The logic behind having a portfolio of brands rather than a single brand is possible diversification and risk minimization. Hence brand portfolio is a treasure trove. Next step is to determine our brands objectives, Primarks branding objectives include: Delivers message clearly First step in developing brand strategy is defining brands. By defining brand, its easy to create foundation for all other components to build on. Brand definition serves as measuring stick in evaluating marketing strategies. Primark has an extensive brand portfolio; Target market for Primark is people up to age of 35 who are fashion conscious. Next step in developing Primarks brand strategy is to perform a careful analysis to determine principal barriers that it may face. These barriers are also known as market conditions that can keep your product or service from achieving success. The potential barriers in deploying Primarks brand strategy can competition, timing, financing, location, lack of demand, suppliers not meeting demands and targets. In order to face these obstacles its important to spend time doing a careful analysis of products or service to assist in developing brand, and positioning products in the market. Last step in brand strategy is branding companys identity in marketplace where image is all about appearance of packaging. Its important to realize that packaging always either has a negative or positive influence on purchaser. A negative impression can detour a potential customer, just asm  a positive reaction can influence a customer to buy. A time to pay special attention to packaging is when going to launch a new brand. If youve already built a strong brand that others recognize often people may not pay as close attention to packaging. Packaging is judged and represented by business cards and stationery, web site, answering system, presentation of finished products. Primark is respected for quality of its products and cheap prices. If we briefly review business environment and other factors identified in this report for Primark then we may realize that consumer behaviour is changing and business environment evolving across retail industry. Concern is rise in suppliers demands regarding price and costs. If it continues to rise steeply it will damage profits that it is currently enjoying. Reviewing forces and factors faced by Primark and their impact on organisation, it is obvious that Primark is facing many challenges and standing at verge of it survival in long term. Segmentation At first stage of segmentation, overall market is divided into distinct groups of buyers who are likely to respond favourably to different products, services or marketing mix. Company needs to determine most appropriate basis for segmentation, identify characteristics for each segment and develop criteria to evaluate their commercial attractiveness and viability. As Primark is tagged a value clothing retailer, clothing is most important and leading item in its product portfolio follower by footwear. Its marketing segments are evaluated on basis of clothing and footwear. Although all above determined segmentations bases and variables are important but demographic factors are the most straight forward base for segmenting Primarks consumer market, as they are most meaningful. Main demographic variables for Primark consumer market are identified as in charts below. All demographic factors are identified according to their percentage relative attractiveness for targeting them depending upon their market share for Primark. highlighted segments in diagrams are identified as most meaningful for Primark and they must be targeted to gain marketing objectives. STRATEGIC CHOICES The PEST analysis stands for political, social, economical and technological analysis that provides a framework for external environment factors influencing the organization’s strategies. Political The Liberal democratic party and the coalition of conservative party under the leadership of David Cameron came into power in 2010 In order to stay market eliminating recession several steps has undertaken by the government that included massive job cuts in public sectors and cuts in funds to different parts of economy. European Union as a par is trying to discuss about free trade agreement with India. Several policies like increase in tuition fees o f students and proposals to cut down the immigration of students from non Europe countries will impact the consumption pattern of young customers segment. Now days economies of both India and China are in good position and had less affected with the recession. Economy It is said that UK suffered its most terrible recession in 2009 in over 60 years. It is estimated that expenditure of consumer is decrease by 4.4 percent in 2009. Increasing the prices of fuel and food are compressing the disposable income of people. The unemployment especially of youth employment of age from 18 to 24 years old has risen about 17.2 percent is 2009 compared to 12.5 percent in the same period of 2008. Exporters gained a competitive edge as a result of devaluation of UK sterling in 2008-2009. In time July 2008 and January the pound loss 32 percent of its value against theUS dollar and 19 percent of its own value against the Euro. Regarding the export o f goods the economy of UK is least dependent amongst others in Europe indicating that they are less vulnerable to the risk of shocks from decreasing international demands. Social UK contains people of various mixtures of cultures, races ethnics and religions and groups Among the most popular countries for immigration UK is considered a suitable one. From the statistics it has been found that about 1.5 million people were added to the UK population between 1998 and 2008 and  most of the people about two third are from Asia and Africa. People’s attitudes are now changing and they like to prefer cheaper clothing as their income sources are decreasing. Recession has caused decreasing the expenses of adults particularly the case is true for expenditures in clothing. Technological With the intensive use of increasing internet retailing methods are getting more popular and people are becoming more dependent on online shopping instead of shopping going to the outlet. Marketing online for fashion is really dynamic and now a day’s companies are setting up online shops for eg, Tesco (clothingattesco.com), Asda (George). There are various options available through which Payments can be made that may include: online banking, direct debit cards, credit cards, paypal etc. In case of distant location the company focuses on the proper management and services of IT systems that are secured. Ansoff `s Matrix The Ansoff Matrix is a tool that helps business decide their product and market growth strategy. Ansoff Matrix suggest that a business ` attempts to grow depend on whether it markets new or existing products in new or existing markets. The output of Ansoff tools are Market Penetration and Market Development in existing products and Product development and Diversification in new products but Market Development and Diversification is New Market, market penetration and product development is existing market. Market penetration occurs when a company penetrates a market with it`s current products. It is important to note that the market penetration strategy begins with the existing customers of the organization . This strategy is used by companies in order to increase sales without drifting from the original product-market strategy (Ansoff, 1957) . Primark give cheaper things to customer so it gaining competitor`s customers.